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Hai Pai culture
The term ''Hai Pai'' (literally “Shanghai style”) was coined by a group of Beijing writers in 1920 to criticize some Shanghai scholars and the styles of embracing or admiring western capitalism and western culture.〔(【引用サイトリンク】first1=S.L )〕 The name ''Hai Pai'' originally came from painting and drama. According to ''History of Chinese Painting'', which was published in 1937, “During Emperor Tongzhi’s and Guangxu’s reign in the Qing Dynasty, most Chinese painters lived in Shanghai and made a living by selling paintings. In order to make profits, painters catered to vulgar public taste. Their paintings gradually demonstrated ''Hai Pai'' style.” In addition, performers of Peking opera regarded Beijing as the authority of China and they referred to cities outside Beijing as ''Hai Pai''. At that time ''Hai Pai'' was used by scholars with contempt, as it represented unorthodox and vulgar culture. However, the meaning of ''Hai Pai'' has gradually changed during the following years and ''Hai Pai'' Culture has become one of the most charming cultural styles in China. ''Hai Pai'' is “rebellious” while ''Jing Pai'' (literally “Beijing style”) is “traditional”. They represent two opposing kinds of Chinese cultures and still have profound influence.〔(【引用サイトリンク】first1=S.L )〕
In modern china, ''Hai Pai'' Culture doesn’t cease or lose its attraction. On the contrary, it continues to influence modern Chinese culture. In contemporary terms, ''Hai Pai'' Culture is seen as the symbol of diversity and inclusiveness, a special style which boasts for both orientalism and western culture. After 1949, Shanghai has become the cultural and artistic center in the eastern costal area in China.
== Development ==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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